CHAPTER 1: ‘UMAR IBN ‘ABD AL-’AZIZ Following the demise of the Rashidun Caliphate, the early Islamic Character of the Caliphate and its Caliphs were slowly lost. A revival was needed and this came through the ascension of ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-Aziz to the office of the Caliph. The summary of this chapter will be split…
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